Skip to main content

Posts

Showing posts from November, 2021

Diabetes - Symptoms, Causes, Precaution, Methods and more

  DIABETIES :- Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease. which is characterised by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Diabetic Mellitus SYMPTOMS :- 3P :-  Polyuria (frequent urine)   Polyphagia ( very hungry)  polydipsia ( very thirsty) feeling tired blurry vision weight loss  delay wound healing HYPERGLYCEMIA High blood sugar/ high sugar level in blood. HYPOGLYCEMIA   Low blood sugar with a glucose value of usually less than 70mg/dl CAUSES To high dose of medication ( Insulin/ antidiabetic medication ) Delayed Meals Exercise Alcohol SYMPTOMS Shakiness Anxiety Sweating Irritability or Confusion Fast heart beat Dizziness Hunger and nausea Headaches Weakness Seizure/Unconsciousness TREATMENT Consume simple carbohydrates like half cup sweetened juice, 3 tablespoons of sugar, honey, chocolates or hard candy. Recheck your blood glucose after 15 minutes. If hyperglycemia continues, repeat the glucose supplements. Once...
Read more

What is coronavirus/ COVID-19 ? Symptoms & Complications

What is coronavirus ? Coronavirus is a type of virus. it is a largest category for an RNA virus. there are many different kinds, and some cause disease. a coronavirus disease COVID-19 as an infection disease identified in December 2019, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, a pandemic of respiratory illness, called COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.   COVID-19 stands for :-  'CO' stands for corona,  ' VI' stands for virus ' D' stands for disease. This disease was referred to as '2019' novel 'coronavirus' or '2019-nCoV'. The coronavirus is a new virus linked to the same family of viruses as SARS and some types of common cold.  Where was COVID-19 first discovered ? The first known infection from SARS-CoV-2 were discovered in Wuhan, China. Who issued the official name of COVID-19 ? The official names of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued by the WHO on 11 February 2020. How does COVID-19 spread between people ? We known...
Read more

What is Cardiac Axis ? How to determine cardiac axis in ECG/EKG by thumb rule ? ECG Axis Thumb Rule

 Cardiac Axis  The average direction of spread of the Depolarization wave through the Ventricles as seen from the front is called "cardiac Axis".                                    Or  Cardiac axis describe the overall direction of electrical spread within the heart. NOTE -   It is usual to decide whether this axis is in a normal direction or not. Lead aVR and lead II look at the heart from opposite directions. when seen from the front, The depolarization wave normally spreads through the ventricles from 11 O 'clock' to 5 O 'clock', so the deflection in lead aVR are normally mainly downward -ve and in lead II mainly upward +ve.  Normal Axis A normal 11 O 'clock - 5 O' clock axis means that the Depolarizing wave is spreading towards lead I, II and III,                  and is therefore associated with a predominantly upward deflec...
Read more

ECG Interpretation/ How to read an ECG or EKG/ Characteristics of the normal ECG

  ECG INTERPRETATION BASIC  An ECG complex represents the electrical events occurring in one cardiac cycle. A complex consists of five waveforms labelled with the letters P, Q, R, S, and T. The middle three letters —Q, R, and S—are referred to as a unit, the QRS complex. ECG tracings represent the conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles.    P WAVE  Small, Positive and smooth wave. Always +ve in lead II during sinus rhythm. P wave is virtually always +ve in leads aVL, aVF, I, V4, V5, and V6 and -ve in aVR lead. Frequently biphasic in V1 ( occasionally in V2)  the -ve deflection is normally <1mm. P wave duration should be < 0.12 sec. P wave amplitude should be <2.5 mm. Pathological P wave  Tall Tented  :-  Right Atrial Enlargement Bifid (looks like an M) :- Left Atrial Enlargement  PR INTERVAL Normal PR Interval :-  3-5 small squares                  ...
Read more

HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM/BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM

HEART CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OR  BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM The study of blood vascular system or circulatory system is called angiology    The vascular system is made up of the vessels that carry blood and lymph fluid through the body. It's also called the circulatory system. The arteries and veins carry blood all over the body. They send oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues.   BLOOD VESSELS 1  Arteries  2  Veins 3  Capillaries Differentiate between arteries and vein  CAPILLARIES They have only one layer i.e. simple squamous endothelium layer.  ANATOMY OF HEART Heart  is a coned shaped hollow structure equal to the size of puzzle fit. It is a mesodermally derived organ, is situated in the thoracic cavity, in between the two lungs (mediastinum), slightly tilled to the left. The heart weight between 200 to 425g.  The lower portion is apex and upper portion is base. Wall of heart  1.  Pericardium 2.  Myocardium 3....
Read more

Popular posts from this blog

HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM/BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM

HEART CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OR  BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM The study of blood vascular system or circulatory system is called angiology    The vascular system is made up of the vessels that carry blood and lymph fluid through the body. It's also called the circulatory system. The arteries and veins carry blood all over the body. They send oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues.   BLOOD VESSELS 1  Arteries  2  Veins 3  Capillaries Differentiate between arteries and vein  CAPILLARIES They have only one layer i.e. simple squamous endothelium layer.  ANATOMY OF HEART Heart  is a coned shaped hollow structure equal to the size of puzzle fit. It is a mesodermally derived organ, is situated in the thoracic cavity, in between the two lungs (mediastinum), slightly tilled to the left. The heart weight between 200 to 425g.  The lower portion is apex and upper portion is base. Wall of heart  1.  Pericardium 2.  Myocardium 3....
Read more

ECG Interpretation/ How to read an ECG or EKG/ Characteristics of the normal ECG

  ECG INTERPRETATION BASIC  An ECG complex represents the electrical events occurring in one cardiac cycle. A complex consists of five waveforms labelled with the letters P, Q, R, S, and T. The middle three letters —Q, R, and S—are referred to as a unit, the QRS complex. ECG tracings represent the conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles.    P WAVE  Small, Positive and smooth wave. Always +ve in lead II during sinus rhythm. P wave is virtually always +ve in leads aVL, aVF, I, V4, V5, and V6 and -ve in aVR lead. Frequently biphasic in V1 ( occasionally in V2)  the -ve deflection is normally <1mm. P wave duration should be < 0.12 sec. P wave amplitude should be <2.5 mm. Pathological P wave  Tall Tented  :-  Right Atrial Enlargement Bifid (looks like an M) :- Left Atrial Enlargement  PR INTERVAL Normal PR Interval :-  3-5 small squares                  ...
Read more

What is Cancer/Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer/ What is Silent Cancer

 CANCER  Cancer is also known as Tumor, and study of cancer is called oncology . Definition  Cancer means uncontrol and abnormal division of cells. They are very rapidly proliferate without any differentiation and apoptosis process. (Abnormal proliferative cell is called Neoplastic cell ) Or The uncontrolled growth of cell by its multiplication is known as Cancer. Types of cancer  There are two types of Tumor :- 1. Benign Tumor  2. Malignant Tumor Benign Tumor  Benign Tumor is also called mass of cell. It cannot spread from one location to other location. That means it is not show metastasis. This is a localised tumor. That means it is present only one location not spread to other location. Benign Tumor (Cancer) This type of tumor can remove from the body because it is located only on surface of organ. Example of Benign Tumor :-  Lipoma Myloma  Malignant Tumor  Malignant Tumor is very dangerous tumor because it can spread or can transfer from...
Read more

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY BASIC

  What is electrocardiography (ECG) Electrocardiography is a medical test in which diagnose cardiac disorder i.e. MI (myocardial infarction) etc. by measuring the electrical activity of the heart via electrodes placed on the limbs and chest wall and are transcribed on to graph paper to produce an electrocardiogram and also known as ECG/EKG.                                     OR     Electrocardiogram   Electro means electrical activity   Cardio means heart   Gram means graphical representation   An electrocardiogram is a graphically representation of an electrical activity of the heart and used in the investigation of heart disease.   The device is used is known as electrocardiograph.   NOTE -- The term electrocardiogram was introduced by Willem Einthoven ...
Read more

Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter

  Atrial Fibrillation  Atrial Flutter Atrial Fibrillation   (Afib) Afib stands for atrial Fibrillation (AF) Atrial Fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia or abnormal heart beat and is a major cause of stroke.  Atrial Fibrillation is an irregularly irregular and often very rapid heart rhythm that begins in heart upper chambers (Atria). in which the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat out of coordination with the lower chambers of the heart (ventricle). ATRIAL FIBRILLATION FINDINGS ON ECG Findings Irregularly irregular QRS Complex P wave absent / no visible P wave present Heart beat range (100bpm - 160bpm) Types of Atrial Fibrillation There are three main types of atrial fibrillation.... Paroxysmal atrial Fibrillation Persistent atrial fibrillation Long standing persistent atrial fibrillation Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation It's episodes occurs less than one week and usually stops on its own without treatment. Persistent Atrial Fibrillation It's episodes occurs more ...
Read more