SaxenaMedicalTech

HEART CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OR  BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM The study of blood vascular system or circulatory system is called angiology    The vascular system is made up of the vessels that carry blood and lymph fluid through the body. It's also called the circulatory system. The arteries and veins carry blood all over the body. They send oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues.   BLOOD VESSELS 1  Arteries  2  Veins 3  Capillaries Differentiate between arteries and vein  CAPILLARIES They have only one layer i.e. simple squamous endothelium layer.  ANATOMY OF HEART Heart  is a coned shaped hollow structure equal to the size of puzzle fit. It is a mesodermally derived organ, is situated in the thoracic cavity, in between the two lungs (mediastinum), slightly tilled to the left. The heart weight between 200 to 425g.  The lower portion is apex and upper portion is base. Wall of heart  1.  Pericardium 2.  Myocardium 3....

  Atrial Fibrillation  Atrial Flutter Atrial Fibrillation   (Afib) Afib stands for atrial Fibrillation (AF) Atrial Fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia or abnormal heart beat and is a major cause of stroke.  Atrial Fibrillation is an irregularly irregular and often very rapid heart rhythm that begins in heart upper chambers (Atria). in which the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat out of coordination with the lower chambers of the heart (ventricle). ATRIAL FIBRILLATION FINDINGS ON ECG Findings Irregularly irregular QRS Complex P wave absent / no visible P wave present Heart beat range (100bpm - 160bpm) Types of Atrial Fibrillation There are three main types of atrial fibrillation.... Paroxysmal atrial Fibrillation Persistent atrial fibrillation Long standing persistent atrial fibrillation Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation It's episodes occurs less than one week and usually stops on its own without treatment. Persistent Atrial Fibrillation It's episodes occurs more ...

  ECG INTERPRETATION BASIC  An ECG complex represents the electrical events occurring in one cardiac cycle. A complex consists of five waveforms labelled with the letters P, Q, R, S, and T. The middle three letters —Q, R, and S—are referred to as a unit, the QRS complex. ECG tracings represent the conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles.    P WAVE  Small, Positive and smooth wave. Always +ve in lead II during sinus rhythm. P wave is virtually always +ve in leads aVL, aVF, I, V4, V5, and V6 and -ve in aVR lead. Frequently biphasic in V1 ( occasionally in V2)  the -ve deflection is normally <1mm. P wave duration should be < 0.12 sec. P wave amplitude should be <2.5 mm. Pathological P wave  Tall Tented  :-  Right Atrial Enlargement Bifid (looks like an M) :- Left Atrial Enlargement  PR INTERVAL Normal PR Interval :-  3-5 small squares                  ...

 Cardiac Axis  The average direction of spread of the Depolarization wave through the Ventricles as seen from the front is called "cardiac Axis".                                    Or  Cardiac axis describe the overall direction of electrical spread within the heart. NOTE -   It is usual to decide whether this axis is in a normal direction or not. Lead aVR and lead II look at the heart from opposite directions. when seen from the front, The depolarization wave normally spreads through the ventricles from 11 O 'clock' to 5 O 'clock', so the deflection in lead aVR are normally mainly downward -ve and in lead II mainly upward +ve.  Normal Axis A normal 11 O 'clock - 5 O' clock axis means that the Depolarizing wave is spreading towards lead I, II and III,                  and is therefore associated with a predominantly upward deflec...

  DIABETIES :- Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease. which is characterised by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Diabetic Mellitus SYMPTOMS :- 3P :-  Polyuria (frequent urine)   Polyphagia ( very hungry)  polydipsia ( very thirsty) feeling tired blurry vision weight loss  delay wound healing HYPERGLYCEMIA High blood sugar/ high sugar level in blood. HYPOGLYCEMIA   Low blood sugar with a glucose value of usually less than 70mg/dl CAUSES To high dose of medication ( Insulin/ antidiabetic medication ) Delayed Meals Exercise Alcohol SYMPTOMS Shakiness Anxiety Sweating Irritability or Confusion Fast heart beat Dizziness Hunger and nausea Headaches Weakness Seizure/Unconsciousness TREATMENT Consume simple carbohydrates like half cup sweetened juice, 3 tablespoons of sugar, honey, chocolates or hard candy. Recheck your blood glucose after 15 minutes. If hyperglycemia continues, repeat the glucose supplements. Once...