Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Flutter Atrial Fibrillation (Afib) Afib stands for atrial Fibrillation (AF) Atrial Fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia or abnormal heart beat and is a major cause of stroke. Atrial Fibrillation is an irregularly irregular and often very rapid heart rhythm that begins in heart upper chambers (Atria). in which the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat out of coordination with the lower chambers of the heart (ventricle). ATRIAL FIBRILLATION FINDINGS ON ECG Findings Irregularly irregular QRS Complex P wave absent / no visible P wave present Heart beat range (100bpm - 160bpm) Types of Atrial Fibrillation There are three main types of atrial fibrillation.... Paroxysmal atrial Fibrillation Persistent atrial fibrillation Long standing persistent atrial fibrillation Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation It's episodes occurs less than one week and usually stops on its own without treatment. Persistent Atrial Fibrillation It's episodes occurs more than one we
VITAMINS
- Vitamin was invented by Sir F.G Hopkins.
- The term vitamin was coined by Funk.
Vitamins are organic compound required in minute quantities. No Calorie is obtained from it, but it is very important in regulating chemical reactions in metabolism of the body.
On the basis of solubility, vitamins are of two types :-
Fat Soluble Vitamins :- K, E, D, A
Water Soluble Vitamins :- B and C
Vitamins and their Chemical name
Vitamins Chemical name
A. Retinol
B1. Thiamine
B2. Riboflavin
B3. Nicotinamide/Niacin
B5. Pantothenic acid
B6. Pyridoxine
B7. Biotin
B11. Folic acid
B12. Cynocobalamine
B9. Folic acid
C. Ascorbic acid
D. Calciferol
E. Tocopherol
K. Phylloquninone
The diseases caused by the deficiency of vitamins
Vitamins Deficiency Diseases
A. - Colour blindness, Xerophthalmia,
Night blindness
B1. - Beriberi
B2. - Cracking of skin,
Redish eye,
Cracking at the corners of lips,
Mouth ulcers
B3. - Whitening of hair,
Mentally retardness,
Dermatitis,
Pellagra
B5. - Insomnia, Burning felt, Irritability
B6. - Anaemia, Depression,
Skin disease
B7. - Paralysis, Body pain,
Hair falling
B11. - Anaemia, Dysentery
B12 - Pernicious Anaemia, Jaundice Teroile,
Ankle edema
B9. - Anaemia, Diarrhoea
C. - Scurvy,
Swelling of gums, bleeding gum
D. - Rickets (in children),
Osteomalacia (in adults),
Osteoporosis
E. - Less fertility
K. - Non-clotting of blood
Vitamins and their Sources
Vitamin A :- Milk, Egg, Cheese, Green Vegetables, Cod liver oil, Carrot.
Vitamin B1 :- Ground Nut, Rapeseed, Dried chilli, Pulses, Liver, Egg, Vegetables etc
Vitamin B2 :- Meat, Green Vegetables, Milk etc.
Vitamin B3 :- Meat, Milk, Nut, Tomato, Sugarcane etc.
Vitamin B5 :- Meat, Ground Potato, Tomato, Nut, Leafy Vegetables etc.
Vitamin B6 :- Liver, Meat, Grains, Rice bran etc.
Vitamin B7 :- Meat, Egg, Liver, Milk, Nuts, Whole grains etc.
Vitamin B11 :- Pulse, Liver, Egg
Vitamin B12 :- Meat Milk
Vitamin B9 :- Pulses, Liver, Vegetables, Egg etc.
Vitamin C :- Lemon, Orange, Tomato, sour substance, Chilly, Sprouted grains
Vitamin D :- Fish Liver Oil, Milk, Eggs etc.
Vitamin E :- Leafy Vegetables, Milk, Butter, Sprouted wheat, Vegetable oil, Wheat germ oil etc.
Vitamin K :- Tomato, Soybean oil, Green Vegetables, Alfalfa etc.
Note:-
- Cobalt is found in Vitamin B12.
- Synthesis of vitamins cannot be done by the cells of body. It is fulfilled by the vitamin containing food.
- However, synthesis of vitamin D and K take place in our body.
- Bleeding gum, falling of teath, Fragile bones and delayed wound healing occur due to deficiency of vitamin C.
- Deficiency of calcium mainly occur in absence of vitamin D.
- Synthesis of vitamin D takes place by the ultra violet rays present in the sunlight through cholesterol (ergosterol) of skin. Vitamin D2 is known as ergocalciferol.
- Vitamin K is synthesized in our colon by the bacteria and from there it is absorbed.
- Vitamin A is mainly stored in liver.
- Use of polished rice in human diet cause Beriberi.
- Most of the vitamins are not synthesized in human body.
- Amla is the richest source of vitamin C.